Here are some useful sources of help.
Text
stands for something of your
choice that you type in—usually a command or
filename.
apropos
text
Everything containing string
text
in the whatis
database.
man
text
The manual page for text
.
The major source of documentation for UNIX® systems.
man ls
will tell you all the ways to
use ls
. Press Enter
to move through text,
Ctrl+B
to go back a page,
Ctrl+F
to go forward, q or
Ctrl+C
to quit.
which
text
Tells you where in the user's path the command
text
is found.
locate
text
All the paths where the string
text
is found.
whatis
text
Tells you what the command
text
does and its manual page.
Typing whatis *
will tell you about all
the binaries in the current directory.
whereis
text
Finds the file text
, giving
its full path.
You might want to try using whatis
on
some common useful commands like cat
,
more
, grep
,
mv
, find
,
tar
, chmod
,
chown
, date
, and
script
. more
lets you
read a page at a time as it does in DOS, e.g., ls -l |
more
or more
. The
filename
*
works as a wildcard—e.g., ls
w*
will show you files beginning with
w
.
Are some of these not working very well? Both
locate(1) and whatis(1) depend on a database that is
rebuilt weekly. If your machine is not going to be left on over
the weekend (and running FreeBSD), you might want to run the
commands for daily, weekly, and monthly maintenance now and
then. Run them as root
and, for now, give each one
time to finish before you start the next one.
#
periodic daily
output omitted#
periodic weekly
output omitted#
periodic monthly
output omitted
If you get tired of waiting, press
Alt+F2 to
get another virtual console, and log in
again. After all, it is a multi-user, multi-tasking system.
Nevertheless these commands will probably flash messages on your
screen while they are running; you can type
clear
at the prompt to clear the screen.
Once they have run, you might want to look at
/var/mail/root
and
/var/log/messages
.
Running such commands is part of system
administration—and as a single user of a UNIX® system,
you are your own system administrator. Virtually everything you
need to be root
to do
is system administration. Such responsibilities are not covered
very well even in those big fat books on UNIX®, which seem to
devote a lot of space to pulling down menus in windows managers.
You might want to get one of the two leading books on systems
administration, either Evi Nemeth et.al.'s UNIX
System Administration Handbook (Prentice-Hall,
1995, ISBN 0-13-15051-7)—the second edition with the red
cover; or Æleen Frisch's Essential System
Administration (O'Reilly & Associates, 2002,
ISBN 0-596-00343-9). I used Nemeth.
All FreeBSD documents are available for download at https://download.freebsd.org/ftp/doc/
Questions that are not answered by the
documentation may be
sent to <freebsd-questions@FreeBSD.org>.
Send questions about this document to <freebsd-doc@FreeBSD.org>.